Journal of Agricultural Science and Management

Leonard Jar Assembly Enhanced Sorghum Growth, Root Colonization and Sporulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2024-02-15T14:42:10+07:00

The effect of different watering methods was studied for host-plant cropping systems on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundance from pot inoculum production in a greenhouse using sorghum as the host plant. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was used with 2 factors and 3 replications: first factor was mycorrhizal fungus 4 strains: Rhizoglomus aggregatum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis geosporum and Rhizoglomus irregularis and second factor was watering method: showering, dripping and Leonard jar assembly (LJA). Sorghum growth, mycorrhizal root colonization and spore were analysis. The LJA watering method exhibited that the maximum height and dry matter were considerably greater for sorghum. The mycorrhizal root colonization intensity and mycorrhizal spores in the LJA treatment were also significantly higher. R. aggregatum and F. geosporum had the highest root colonization with sorghum (64.24 and 61.71%, respectively). R. aggregatum had the highest levels of spore production (33.13 spores/g) with the LJA treatment. C. etunicatum and R. irregularis had lower root colonization (20.51 and 30.46%, respectively). The mycorrhizal spore numbers of R. aggregatum and F. geosporum using the LJA treatment were higher than those of C. etunicatum and R. irregularis. Consequently, plant watering regime of the LJA that provided constant moisture and nutrients along with the AMF species affected the root colonization and spore of the inoculum

Effect of Different Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Yield, Yield Components of Cassava and some Soil Properties

2024-02-28T12:31:41+07:00

The effect of different nitrogen fertilizers on yield, yield components of cassava (var. Huay Bong 60) planted in Kamphaeng Saen soil series, and some soil properties were investigated. The experimental design was arranged in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) with 3 replications and consisted of 7 treatments. The results showed that all treatments that applied nitrogen fertilizers had an insignificantly effect on fresh root yield, starch contents, starch yield, and concentrations of total N in fresh root but were significantly different when compared with the control treatment (control, T₁) that had the lowest fresh root yield, starch contents, starch yield, and concentrations of total N in fresh root. Furthermore, the application of controlled release chemical fertilizer (CRCF) provided the yield, yield components, and concentration of N in fresh root better than the application of quick release fertilizer. After experimentation, it was found that the application of CRCF of 50 kg/rai in combination with chemical fertilizer (CF) grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (CRCF₅₀, T₇) effected the highest EC_e of soil, which was not different from the application of ammonium sulfate (AS) of 95.24 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (AS_95.24, T₅) and the application of urea (U) of 43.48 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (U_43.48, T₆). Furthermore, the application of CRCF of 50 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (CRCF₅₀, T₇) effected on the highest of organic matter of soil which were not different from the application of AS of 95.24 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (AS_95.24, T₅), the application of U of 43.48 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (U_43.48, T₆), the application of CRCF of 40 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (CRCF₄₀, T₄) and the application of U of 34.78 kg/rai in combination with CF grade 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 of 4 and 4 kgP₂O₅ and K₂O per rai, respectively (U_34.78, T₃). However, all treatments that applied nitrogen fertilizers affected the available P and exchangeable K of soil insignificantly but were significantly different when compared with the control treatment (control, T₁) that resulted in the lowest EC_e, organic matter, available P, and exchangeable K of soil.

Study on Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi for Controlling Insect Vector, Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura) of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease

2023-11-10T10:27:30+07:00

Entomopathogenic fungi are organisms that naturally parasitize and kill insect pests. These fungi, which include species such as Beauveria bassiana, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Metarhizium anisopliae, have been extensively researched for their potential in biological insect pest control. The objective of this study was to isolate the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae from sugarcane longhorn stem borer, B. bassiana, and P. lilacinum from brown plant hopper, and their pathogenicity was evaluated against Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura) adults using five concentrations of 1×10⁵ , 1×10⁶ , 1×10⁷ , 1×10⁸ , and 1x10⁹ conidia/mL. Every day, insect mortality was observed for up to seven days. The results found that all three fungi at 1 × 10⁹ conidia/mL concentration caused the highest insect mortality against M. hiroglyphicus. The entomopathogenic fungi caused 97.6% mortality in B. bassiana, 95.56% mortality in P. lilacinum, and 95% mortality in M. anisopliae at seven days post treatment, respectively. Fungi caused lower LC50 values in B. bassiana (2.90 × 10⁵ conidia/mL), in P. lilacinus (3.76 × 10⁵ conidia/mL), and in M. anisopliae (7.39 × 10⁶ conidia/mL) on M. hiroglyphicus adults, respectively. The results clearly conclude that entomopathogenic fungus is effective and pollution-free candidates for controlling M. hiroglyphicus insect pest.

The Development of Longan Yield Forecasting Models By Using Data Mining Techniques

2024-01-17T09:06:03+07:00

This research presents a predictive model for longan production using data mining techniques. The model utilizes longan production data from farmers in the Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Phayao provinces, totaling 215 plots in the year 2021. The decision tree technique and relationship rules were employed in the analysis. Factors found to significantly impact longan production from the forecasting model include the month of flowering induction and the type of flowering-inducing agent. It was observed that the use of sodium chlorate as a flowering-inducing agent led to medium to high predicted yields based on confidence levels in both first and second-order relationship rules. Regarding the first rule, applying sodium chlorate in December resulted in medium to high production levels, with 53 transactions occurring simultaneously and a confidence level of 62%. In the second rule, the use of sodium chlorate also resulted in medium to high yields, with 68 transactions happening concurrently and a confidence level of 62%.

Determination of Morpho-Anatomical Characteristics Related to Stem Lodging and Yield Loss Under Delayed Harvesting in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2024-04-11T11:16:58+07:00

Delayed harvest drastically affects grain yield owing to plant lodging, which is difficult to perform on time with the mechanical harvester. In addition, hybrid rice is prone to lodging due to the hybrid plants' height. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship among morpho-anatomical traits, grain yield, and lodging through eighty-seven lines of F₁ hybrids, both late harvested and on-time harvested. The range of lodging score (3.5–7.0) of F₁ in late harvesting was higher than that of lodging score (1.0–4.0) in on-time harvesting. In addition, the average grain yield in late harvest decreased dramatically when compared with on-time harvest (68 g/plant in on-time and 6 g/plant in late harvest). In terms of environmental factors, it was found that the frequency of rainfall and wind speed during the harvesting period were the main causes of rice plant lodging. The path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield had a negative direct effect on lodging and plant height had a positive direct effect on lodging in both conditions. Moreover, basal stem diameter was the most negative directly affected by lodging, followed by the top tissue area, basal parenchyma tissue, and basal vascular bundle area. In addition, top stem diameter was the positive directly affected by lodging. It can be concluded that reducing plant height and increasing the culm diameter and culm wall thickness of the hybrid rice tend to improve the breeding program for reduced grain loss in hybrid rice, especially in an unsuitable environment. In addition, on-time harvesting must be a concern for rice production.

Value Added Development Guidelines of Geographical Indication Product, Khow Hom Mali Din Phu Kao Fai Buri Ram Rice for Ban Sanuan Nok Volcanic Hom Mali Rice Group, Huai Rat District, Buri Ram Province

2024-04-11T13:47:12+07:00

This study aims to understand the contexts and find out the development guidelines for value added of Geographical Indication product, Khow Hom Mali Din Phu Kao Fai Buri Ram rice (GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM) for Ban Sanuan Nok Volcanic Hom Mali Rice Group (BSN-VHMRG), Huai Rat District, Buri Ram province. The study was conducted in two phases: (a) to understand the contexts of the GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM production, processing, and marketing of BSN-VHMRG by using the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) technique from Oct. 2022 to Jan. 2023 and (b) to study the development guidelines to value added of GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM for BSN-VHMRG by using AIC technique in Mar. 2023, respectively. It was found that (1) BSN was grown rice only in the rainy season, and there planted 325 rai of GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM by using the KDML105 and RD15 varieties, with a total production yield of 146 tons per year. The grain of GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM amount 68% was sold to private rice mills and agricultural cooperatives in the area, the rest of the yield was sold as milled rice amount 20%, household consumption 7%, and storage for seed 5%. (2) Development guidelines for value added of GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM for BSN-VHMRG which can be implemented within one year, consisting of 2 approaches: (2.1) value added of GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM by the development of rice farming, processing, packaging, and branding there are two sub-approaches: (a) development of farm production and (b) development of processing, packaging, and branding, and (2.2) value added of GI-KHMLDPKF-BURIRAM by rice marketing development there are two sub-approaches: (a) development of aggressive marketing and (b) development of community marketing. Therefore, driving development according to the above guidelines is a great challenge that requires cooperation by the community and related agencies to promote and develop the community economy towards sustainable development according to the BCG concept and using soft power to drive community-based development.

Factors Affecting Farmers' Extension Needs in Quality Cassava Stalk Production in Wang Chaphlu Subdistrict Khanu Woralaksaburi District, Kamphaeng Phet Province

2024-04-18T14:31:36+07:00

The objectives of this research were to study (1) the basic socio-economic conditions of farmers, (2) factors affecting farmers' extension needs in quality cassava stalk production and (3) problems and suggestions for quality cassava stalk production. The population consisted of 325 cassava production farmers in Wang Chaphlu subdistrict, Khanu Woralaksaburi district, Kamphaeng Phet province, who were registered with the Department of Agricultural Extension for the production year 2022/2023. The sample size of 180 individuals was determined using Taro Yamane's formula with an error value of 0.05, employing the simple random sampling method. Data were collected by conducting interviews. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The research results revealed that (1) most of the farmers were men and the mean age was 50.06 years, with an average of 2.36 household workers. The net income generated from selling cassavas was 7,047.22 baht per rai on the average, with the average cost of 3,771.11 baht per rai. (2) factors affecting farmers' extension needs in quality cassava stalk production included production problem variables and variables related to support and services. These factors exhibited a positive effect on dependent variables with a statistical significance level of 0.01. And (3) the overall problem of farmers was at a high level, especially the production, support and services. Therefore, officials should support knowledge in about the cassava stalk production and product price guarantee.

Value Added Development Guidelines on Mekong RiverFermented Fish Product of Khok Mad Patthana Community Enterprise, Chiang Khan District, Loei Province

2024-04-19T14:59:05+07:00

This article aims to find value added development guidelines on Mekong River fermented fish product (MRFFP) of Khok Mad Patthana community enterprise (KMPCE), Chiang Khan district, Loei province. Phase 1; to understanding the context of community and community enterprise by applying the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) technique to collect and analyze data from Sep. to Oct. 2022, and Phase 2; to find the development guidelines for value added on MRFFP of KMPCE by applying AIC techniques to collect and analyze data in Feb. 2023, it was found that (1) Khok Mad community has two fishery patterns were natural fishery in the Mekong River and Loei River amount 5 tons per year and Nile tilapia farming in the Mekong River amount 30 tons per year. KMPCE brings in more than 1 ton per year of Nile tilapia raised and more than 0.5 ton per year for primary processing into fermented fish. Most of them were sold in the community and nearby areas. and (2) development guidelines for the added value of MRFFP of KMPCE, there were 2 major approaches: (2.1) value added of fermented fish through processing and packaging development and (2.2) value added of fermented fish through marketing development by digital marketing and onshop and events marketing. Therefore, development implementation according to the 2 major guidelines above waseconomicortant challenge that requires cooperation with relevant agencies to the economical promotion and development towards sustainable development by using soft power and community-based development.

Selenium Compound on Germination and Phytochemical in Kangkong Seedling

2024-05-13T08:25:16+07:00

Selenium is an essential mineral for human health. There is an antioxidant capacity to promote the immune system, reduce the risk of disease, and prevent heart disease and stroke. Therefore, the objective was to study the type and concentration of selenium on germination, growth, phytochemicals, and selenium accumulation in kangkong seedlings. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2×5 factorial in CRD, consisting of 2 factors, 4 replicates, with factor 1 (Se) being the type of selenium, sodium selenite, and sodium selenate, factor 2 (C) was the selenium concentration at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg/L. Data on germination, growth, phytochemicals, and selenium accumulation in kangkong seedlings were recorded. The results of the experiment found that application of sodium selenite at a concentration of 10 mg/L resulted in an increase in germination index, dry weight, and pigment content higher than the control. Meanwhile, a sodium selenate concentration of 15-30 mg/L had a negative effect on germination index and growth. But there was also an increase in antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds, and selenium accumulation compared to the control.

Perception of the Effects of Rice Stubble and Straw Burning Among Rice Farmers in Tha Tako District, Nakhon Sawan Province

2024-05-30T14:12:43+07:00

The objectives of this research were to study 1) farmers’ general characteristics, 2) perception of rice stubble and straw burning impact among farmers, 3) knowledge and practices for rice stubble and straw management, and 4) issues with handling rice stubble and straw. The sample consisted of 375 rice farmers in Tha Tako district, Nakhon Sawan province. The obtained data were collected by interview form and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Hypotheses were tested by t-test and one – way ANOVA. The finding revealed farmers were female (62.40%), with an average age of 52.95 years old and most had graduated from elementary school (63.70%), with an average experience of 24.57 years. Most farmers received information from community leaders (87.00%). Overall, farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of rice straw and stubble burning were moderate. The majority of farmers had a high level of knowledge about rice straw and stubble management. (80.00%). Regarding rice straw and stubble management practices, straw and rice stubble incorporation was the most common method (30.30%).The problem of management had lacked of support from the government. The hypothesis test results indicated that farmers' age, education level, and experience significantly influenced their perception of the impacts of rice straw and stubble burning at a significance level of 0.05

Adaptation of Rice Farmers to Climate Change in Namkliang District, Sisaket Province

2024-06-05T09:12:46+07:00

The purposes of this research were to study: 1)general socioeconomic characteristics and rice cultivation practices of farmers 2) farmers' knowledge regarding climate change 3) impacts of climate change and 4)farmers' adaptation to climate change. The sample consisted of 370 rice farmers in Nam Kliang District, Sisaket Province. The obtained data were collected by interview form and analyzed by descriptive statistics and hypothesis tested by chi-square test. The research findings revealed that the majority of farmers were female (51.08%), with an average of 53.15 years, graduated from elementary school or lower (64.86%). Most of the area is lowland (76.49%). Overall, farmers' knowledge and understanding of climate change were at a medium level (71.62%). The most significant impact of climate change on farmers is the rise in temperatures, leading to a decrease in soil moisture (average 2.46). Farmers' adaptation to climate change is divided into three main issues: 1) production techniques (99.46%), 2) water system management (74.05%), and 3) risk insurance measures (68.65%). Statistical hypothesis testing revealed significant relationships (p < 0.05) between the following variables: knowledge, impact of climate change, and farmers' adaptation.

The Implementation Role in Farm Youth (4-H Club) Project of Farm Youth Group Members in Chaiyaphum Province

2024-05-16T10:15:02+07:00

The main objectives of this research were to 1) study basic information of the farm youth members in Chaiyaphum province, 2) the role of farm youth members in implementing the farm youth project and 3) compare the differences in some basic economic and social factors of farm youth members with their role in implementing the farm youth project. Data were collected using structured interviews from 95 members of the Farm Youth Project in Chaiyaphum Province. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The research results found that most of farm youth group members in Chaiyaphum province were female (63.20%). The average age was 16.97 year old. Farm youth group members’ educational level was grade 12 (68.40%). Most of their parents’ main occupation is farmers (55.80%). Farm youth group members’ duties are caretakers and carry out activities (89.47%). They received knowledge from advisors (74.74%). The role of implementing the farm youth project of members found that they played roles at a moderate level in overall. The role consists of 4 aspects as production role ( = 1.79), group management aspect ( = 1.72), natural resource conservation aspect ( = 1.61), and the community development aspect ( = 1.79). A comparison of roles in implementing farm youth project found that farm youth members whose parents' different main occupations and different of duration joining membership of farm youth project are played in different roles in implementing farm youth project.

Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Ethylene on Anther Dehiscence in Aromatic Coconut and Influence of Pollen Germination Media Concentration on Pollen Germination

2024-05-14T11:25:20+07:00

Aromatic coconuts have a low yield from March to May, possibly because anthers do not dehisce during the rainy season, resulting in no pollen release to pollinate the female flowers. This leads to poor pollination and no fruit set in seven months afterward, coinciding with the period of low coconut production. Previous reports indicate that humidity, temperature, and ethylene affect anther dehiscence. However, there have been no reports on aromatic coconut. Therefore, this study investigated the temperature and relative humidity (RH) affecting anther dehiscence in aromatic coconut in a laboratory condition, and the anther dehiscence induced by ethephon. The study found that at a temperature of 40 °C and 60±10% RH, anther dehisced as early as the first hour after the beginning of the experiment and up to 80% by the 11^th hour. At 20 °C and 90±5% RH, anther dehiscence was less than 10% even after 24 hours of testing. Additionally, ethylene at concentrations of 25–75 mL×L^-1 stimulated 50% anther dehiscence by the 14^th hour, while at 100 mL×L^-1, anthers did not dehisce but fell off. Furthermore, when the germination medium was diluted threefold to simulate stigmatic fluid reduced by rain, the pollen germination rate was less than 20%.

The Using of SRAP DNA Markers to Identify the Mycelium of Oyster Mushroom and Cordyceps militaris

2024-05-30T08:41:13+07:00

The Pleurotus and Cordyceps mushrooms are popular among consumers due to their rich nutritional and medicinal benefits. Pleurotus mushrooms are easy to grow and inexpensive, while Cordyceps mushrooms must be grown in aseptic conditions and are quite expensive. The classification of these two genera can be easily done by morphological characterization during the fruiting body stage. However, in the early stage of mycelial growth, morphological characterization is unsuccessful due to their resemblance. The objective of this study was to utilize SRAP DNA markers to discriminate between Pleurotus and Cordyceps mushroom species in an early mycelial stage, which will benefit genetic improvement through protoplast fusion. In this study, two cultivars of
P. ostreatus, the Phoenix oyster mushroom and the Bhutan oyster mushroom, and C. militaris were investigated.
A total of one hundred SRAP primer pairs (Me1-10/Em1-10) were examined. The results revealed that 57 primer pairs can be used to discriminate C. militaris from the two oyster mushrooms. Additionally, 33 primer pairs successfully discriminated between the Phoenix oyster mushroom and the Bhutan oyster mushroom. However, only 16 pairs of primers allowed for discrimination between these two P. ostreatus cultivars and C. militaris.

Indicators for Assessing the Sweetness of Coconut Water

2024-06-17T11:03:10+07:00

Ensuring the desired sweetness of coconut water is crucial for consumer satisfaction. In this study, a total of 290 young aromatic coconuts were analyzed for soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), flesh thickness (FT), and sensory qualities. We also introduced the concept of BrimA, representing the difference between SSC and TA as an indicator of the flavor of coconut water. Our correlation analysis revealed that sweetness in coconut water was significantly correlated with BrimA (r=0.70) followed by SSC/TA (r = 0.54), TA (r = -0.51) and SSC (r = 0.41). Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) was performed to develop a model with optimally selected classifying variables. The overall classification accuracy of the SDA model for predicting sweetness was 70.78 %. Regarding BrimA and TA parameters as the greatest significant contributors of this coconut sweetness, the 'not sweet' samples were correctly predicted at 61%, while the 'sweet' samples were correctly predicted at 78 %.