Suan Sunandha Science and Technology Journal

Improvement of physical and thermal properties of polyvinyl butyral coating with nanosilica

Nguyen Trung Thanh — 2022-12-26

In this paper, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings with different nanosilica contents (0- 1.5 weight percent (wt%) were prepared for improving properties such as mechanical properties, corrosion protection, thermal oxidation stability of coating. Presence of nanosilica in coating was characterized by FT-IR. Corrosion resistance of PVB coatings containing nanosilica was investigated by salt mist testing. Effects of nanosilica on adhesion, flexural strength and relative hardness and thermal oxidation stability of PVB coatings were also examined. Nanosilica with content of 1.2 wt% significantly improved mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and thermal oxidation stability of PVB coatings.

Effects of Dried Sano (Sesbania javanica Miq.) Flowers Powder on the Quality of Thai Sponge Cake

Jiraporn Weenuttranon — 2022-12-26

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, nutritional values and sensory evaluation of Thai sponge cake added with different levels of dried Sano flowers powder (DSFP) as a source of carotenoids. DSFP was prepared and analyzed for total carotenoids. DSFP contained lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene around 29,947.94, 620.03 and 1,555.98 μg in 100 g of dry sample, respectively. The sensory liking scores were determined to be suitable to produce Thai sponge cake. Results showed that, Thai sponge cake recipe consisted of 240 g of duck eggs, 180 g of chicken eggs, 180 g of cake flour, 360 g of granulated sugar. The effects of the addition with
different levels of DSFP (20, 40 and 60 %w/w) of Thai sponge cake was studied. An increase of the DSFP decreased of lightness (L*), redness (a*) value, springiness, and chewiness while yellowness (b*) value, hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess were increased. The sensory evaluation showed that all treatments obtained the overall liking score of 6.14-6.86. The study clearly showed that the levels of 20% w/w DSFP could be a desirable amount to produce the healthy Thai sponge cake with good enough appearance, odour, taste, texture, with an overall liking score of more than 6.00 that is considered as acceptable. The developed Thai sponge cake contained protein, fat, dietary fiber, ash, moisture, and carbohydrates 9.45, 5.23, 2.64, 1.16, 33.94 and 52.42 g in 100 g respectively, and 319.10 μg/100 g β-carotene 319.10 μg/100 g. The developed product supplemented with DSFP would be a guideline to
increase the health and quality of cake products.

Inhibitory Effect of Cadmium on the Growth of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) and the Removal by Chelating Agent

Chanya Phromchaloem — 2022-12-26

This research studied the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). The mung bean was cultured in a Hoagland solution containing different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L) for 5 days. The result showed a significant decrease in the lengths of the roots and shoots of mung bean that was grown in cadmium solution. This effect was proportional to the concentrations of Cd. To assess cell death in the root of mung bean, Evan’ s blue staining technique was used in this study. The results showed that the concentrations of Evan's blue dye taken up by Cd-exposed mung beans at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/L were 1.5612 ± 0.5417, 6.8641 ± 1.7447, and 8.0850 ± 2.6336 mg/L, respectively. A concentration-dependent increase of dead cells
was found in the Cd-treated group, mostly at the root cap zone. With respect to this result, the level of dead cells that was stained with Evan’s blue dye could be used as a biomarker to indicate cadmium contamination in water. Furthermore, the effects of chelating agents (EDTA) on cadmium removal were also studied. The results showed the possibility of using EDTA as a cadmium treatment agent and promoted plant growth in cadmium contamination areas.

Game Method Based on Genre Game as Higher Educational Learning: Systematic Literature Review with VOSviewer

Soni Adiyono — 2022-12-26

Game methods today have often been applied in several functions in the presentation in the realm of learning in multi-disciplines. The application of gaming methods is very varied to provide a different presentation for students to obtain a goal in the organization. In this case, the purpose of an organization is to increase the productivity and quality of a student. This paper discusses the methods and domains that are often used in the realm of education to achieve a goal. Systematic Literature Review is used in the application of research methods by finding selected articles with selected themes. In sorting the selected journals, inclusion and exclusion were also applied to obtain better article search results, and some 1,256 articles were found in the process, the application of filtering with
exclusion and inclusion in this phase will result in 265 articles that fall into the category of candidate study discussion. The journal articles conclude that there are only 20 articles that can answer the questions in this paper. The results in this paper state that the Gaming Method in the realm of education is varied and the familiar game genre grouping used in the selected article is Simulation Game. The entire database in this research paper was obtained directly from the largest international journal alert database, namely Scopus. This is done by the database under the auspices of Elsevier as an organization or company publishing international scientific publications based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands since 1880.

A Systematic Review on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Food Safety among School Children: A Global Perspective

Piyumi Chathurangi Wanniarachchi — 2022-12-26

Worldwide there are lack of studies demonstrating the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) about food safety and hygiene, among school children. Thus, this systematic review is an attempt to summarize the findings in previous literature about food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among school children, in a specific time period, to get an overview of the topic. This review was performed according to PRISMA protocol. Three main international databases (Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus) were used for the search of the articles, and only the journal articles published from 2010 to 2020 were considered. Of the 102 articles referred, only 10 original research studies were selected based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Only 2 out of 10 studies pointed
out significant correlations between the school children’s food safety knowledge, practices and attitudes. In addition, 1 out of 10 studies demonstrated significant associations between common demographics (academic performance of the children, the type of school, the area of residence, the habit of smoking and alcohol consumption and the educational background of the parents) and food safety knowledge among children. Furthermore, 8 out of 10 studies reported students to possess a poor or average knowledge of food safety while the rest of the studies showed students to possess good knowledge regarding food safety. Only 3 out of 10 studies
revealed students to be engaged in safe food handling practices. It can be concluded that the assessment of food safety knowledge, attitude and practice as the most productive initiative to comprehend food safety-related insights among school children. Furthermore, this review highlights the fundamental requirement to improve children’s food safety knowledge and practices through proper education.

Bacterial Contamination of Labor Wards and Delivery Rooms from Selected Primary Healthcare Facilities in Abia State

Mary Uche Kalu — 2022-12-26

Bacterial contamination of the labor and delivery room is of clinical concern because it is one of the major risk factors of sepsis in neonates and most life threatening nosocomial infections for mothers after undergoing childbirth procedures. From six different Primary Healthcare Centres (PHC), 300 samples of fomites were taken. They were screened for the presence of bacterial pathogens. Preliminary identification of bacterial isolates was performed based on Gram stain reactions and standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique. The isolates of clinical importance observed were
Staphylococcus aureus (35.1%), Bacillus spp. (15.5%), Streptococcus spp. (14.8%), Escherichia coli (10.1%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (8.1%), Proteus spp. (7.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.4%), Klebsiella spp. (1.3%). Eight (8) antibiotics used against Staphylococcus aureus which was the most prevalent isolate showed below 50% sensitivity. High level resistance to commonly prescribed and administered antibiotics was observed. The most frequently isolated bacteria in this study were consistent with the isolates which could cause nosocomial infections.

Bacterial Contamination of Door Handles of Commercial Buses in Umuahia Metropolis Abia State

Emmanuel Onwubiko Nwankwo — 2022-12-26

Commercial vehicles are all kinds of vehicles used to transport goods and people. Microbiological investigationof publicly touchable surfaces has become an interest to researchers because surfaces that are contaminated can function as reservoir of potential pathogens. This study was carried out to determine the levels of bacterialcontamination on the surfaces of two door handles on public buses within Umuahia metropolis. A total of 70samples, 35 each from the passengers and driver’s door handles surface were collected and analyzed. The analysisinvolved bacterial isolation and identification of organisms by standard microbiological procedures. Theprevalence and bacteria count were carried out. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates were done usingthe disc diffusion method. A total number of 73 bacterial organisms were isolated. The following potentialpathogenic bacteria were observed; Staphylococcus aureus (6.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.5%),Streptococcus faecalis (2.7%), Escherichia coli (6.8%), Klebsiella spp. (5.5%), Enterobacter spp. (4.1%), Pseudomonasaeruginosa (17.8%), Proteus spp. (23.3%), Micrococcus spp. (6.8%) and Bacillus spp. (20.5%). Ofloxacin, Pefloxacinand Gentamicin are effective and exhibited encouraging results while Ampicillin and Trimethoprim were resistant to most isolates. The result actually shows that the door handles of motor vehicle used for public transportationcan be a significant reservoir for spreading potential pathogenic microorganisms.

Sound Insolation of Local Economic Materials Prepared by Natural Rubber Latex and Pineapple Leaf Fiber

Nuorn Choothong — 2022-12-26

The sound insulation properties of local economic materials made from natural rubber latex and pineapple leaf fiber were investigated, in order to develop and increase the economy of the community. The surface of pineapple leaf fiber was treated with alkaline treatment individually. The random fiber range was mixed with natural rubber latex in five different fractions, varying from 10% to 50% with an increment of 10%. The thickness of each sample is kept constant at 50 mm. Method used to measure sound absorption coefficient (α) is Impedance Tube Method ASTM E1050-09, which has been used for measuring the sound absorption and sound transmission loss. It was found that the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) increases with the fiber fraction. The sound insulation test results show that the obtained product of natural rubber with pineapple leaf fiber has a promising possibility that can be used as a potential material for the development of sustainable sound absorber material.

Motorcycle Speed Calculation while Driving with an Animation from a Smartphone

Wutthikorn Malikong — 2022-12-28

This research adapts basic technologies to develop a method for determining motorcycle velocity that may be used as evidence against those who exceed the speed limit in areas lacking speed detection devices. The speed was measured on Samsen roads in Bangkok, at Google Earth locations (1346'33.51"N 10030'25.96"E). The speeds of 40, 60, and 80 kilometers per hour were measured and recorded using two smartphones and placed in points A and B in two reference locations. The videos were then converted to image files to count the number of frames and time traveled on the motorcycle and estimate the movement speed. The measurement results showed that the values were not significantly different from those obtained from google earth at the significance level of 0.05. The
data was analyzed by excel (t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances).

Subsurface Integrity Assessments of a Proposed Plaza Building at Oniru Lekki, Lagos, South-western Nigeria, Using Geoelectrical and Geotechnical Methods of Investigations

Adegbite Joseph Taye — 2023-01-03

Subsurface integrity assessment for building foundation using geophysical and geotechnical methods was carried out at Oniru, Eti- Osa, Lagos State. A total of twenty-five Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), five 2-D Resistivity Imaging Survey traverses and two borings with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) were carried out at the study site. The acquired data were processed quantitatively using partial curve matching and computer iteration technique to generate the geoelectric sections, the 2-D model and the SPT logs. The VES results revealed five to six geologic units corresponding to topsoil, clayey sand, sandy clay, clay/peat, and sand while the 2-D resistivity structure corresponds with the VES result. The borehole log reveals sand layers having an N-value of 22-30 which is indicative of medium-dense, brown (medium to fine) sand with occasional gravels from depth 1.50 - 7.50m. The borehole log information correlates well with the VES/2-D result. For the sand layer which connotes dense, grey (medium to fine) sand with occasional gravels from a depth 7.50 – 15.75m with N-value ranging from 26–30m. The study analysis shows that the proposed building could be placed on the dense sand at depth 7.50 – 15.75m, this, however, should depend on the proposed load, length, and breadth of the proposed building. This study has provided useful information about the subsurface condition for engineering structure and zone suitable for the proposed foundation.

Road Construction and Vehicular Activities as Indicators for Heavy Metal Pollution in Osogbo Metropolis, South West Nigeria

Wasiu Bolade Agbaje — 2023-01-03

The levels of heavy metals in soil samples from selected major roads under construction, burrow sites (a place where soil was obtained for road filling) and two roads under use have been investigated. Soil samples were collected and digested using standard methods. The digests were analyzed for Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, non linear regression and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that cadmium had the highest Contamination Factor (CF). The Pollution Load Index of the roads under construction was higher than each of the Burrow site
and one of the Trunk C roads analyzed for comparison. The Ecological Risk Factor of the sampling sites was less than 40 which indicated that, the levels of heavy metals on the road construction sites did not pose ecological risks to the environment. The Ecological Risk Index of each of all the sampling sites was less than 150 indicating that they fell within the low ecological risk category. The study established that the Burrow site did not contribute to the heavy metal concentration of the road under construction and the contamination was traced to vehicular activities.

Bacteriocin from Bacillus velezensis BUU004 as a Seafood Preservative: Antibacterial Potential, and Physical and Chemical Qualities of Dried, Seasoned, and Crushed Squids

Pornpimon Soodsawaeng — 2023-01-04

Food safety of seafood-based products has become an important health threat in Thailand. Simultaneously, potential hazards posed by the use of chemical preservatives have prompted the advent of alternative technologies. Bacteria-derived substances have attracted interest as biopreservative to respond to health conscious demand of consumers. In order to enhance biosafety quality from a farm to fork cycle of traditional seafood products, bacteriological assessment during multiple steps related to preparation of dried, seasoned and crushed squids was conducted. Total viable counts (TVC) in the ranges of 102 - 103 CFU/g were observed across a series of the
preparation from rinsing to 2nd sun-dry phases. Homemade seasoning sauce composed mainly of Thai spices and flavoring was the common source of spoilage bacteria supported by the highest TVC population and diversity. Three bacterial genera belonging to Bacillus, Kocuria and Staphylococcus existed predominantly in the prepared squids. In the subsequent phase of study, antibacterial potential, and mode of action of a semi-purified solution containing bacteriocin from B. velezensis BUU004 (SPS-BV) against pathogenic B. cereus were investigated. The SPS-BV (800 AU/mL) exhibited strong bactericidal activity towards B. cereus through cell lysis. Lastly, biopreservative potential of the SPS-BV was evaluated in the post-prepared dried squids during 28-day storage at
room temperature. The SPS-BV was as effective as commercial nisin for controlling food spoilage bacteria along with significant reductions in moisture content and aw of dried squids during storage. This study confirms the biopreservative potential of the SPS-BV in dried seafood products in Thailand.

Mechanical Properties Enhancement of the Cement Mortar by Synthetic Zeolite Polymer Composites

Kisun Chunti — 2023-01-06

The performance of cement mortar can be improved with additives based on waste by-products. Synthetic zeolite polymer composites (referred as SZPC) produced from the combination of solid waste ashes with a selective acrylic compound was used as a cement mortar additive. The effect of SZPC as an additive on hydration reaction of ordinary Portland cement (referred as OPC) at different amounts of SZPC, from 1-4% of OPC weight, as well as microstructure and mechanical behavior of the cement mortar are determined. The results from the hydration reaction rate test showed that the optimum amount of SZPC as the additive was 2% of OPC weight. Compressive strength and flexural strength of the cement mortar after 1, 7, 14 and 28 days of curing increased, with the largest
increases at the early stage. Additions of SZPC, synthesized by a waste by-product, improved mechanical behavior of cement mortars supporting sustainable development and the circular economy.

Impact of the Hybrid-Aluminum Additive on the Hydration Kinetics of Portland Cement in Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites

Juthamat Nithipaiboon — 2023-01-06

A hybrid-aluminum additive (HAA) synthesized from industrial wastes including aluminum dross and flue gas desulfurized (FGD) gypsum was used as an additive for fiber-reinforced cement composites (FRCC). The impact of this additive on hydration kinetics was observed by the temperature change over time for the various HAA mixtures with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), sand, cellulose fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, and water, based on the method described in ASTM C186-98. The results showed that the hydration kinetics of OPC in the FRCC was improved by using HAA. In addition, when the amount of HAA was at 3% of the OPC weight, the hydration reaction rate was improved by 41%. The HAA additive acted as an accelerating agent by shortening the setting time and enhancing the temperature of the hydration reaction. This suggests that the cement paste can set faster, reducing the cycle time in FRCC processing. Even though further addition of the HAA increased the reaction rate, the setting time of OPC was too short to form a green sheet for the actual production of FRCC on an industrial scale. In addition, the heat released during the test, representing by the temperature change of the sample, was too high which could have a negative impact on the finished FRCC products.