Embryo Rescue Techniques in Intersubgeneric Hybrid Ornamental Waterlilies (Subg. Anecphya x Subg. Lotos)
Keywords:
Embryo Rescue, Seed abortion, Embryo germination, waterlilyAbstract
The global floriculture and ornamental plant industry relies heavily on continuously introducing novel varieties with unique aesthetic and commercial value. Consumer preferences drive the demand for new and unique floral traits. Intersubgeneric hybridization of ornamental waterlilies (Nymphaea spp.) plays a significant role in creating novel cultivars with desirable traits. Still, post-zygotic reproductive barriers, particularly embryo abortion, often impede the success of hybridization efforts. This study aimed to enhance embryo survival and germination rates in intersubgeneric hybrid waterlilies using in vitro embryo rescue techniques with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Immature seed pods from a cross between the subgenus Anecphya and Lotos were collected and subjected to various excision methods. The direct embryo excision method resulted in the highest survival rate (75%), with embryos greening in the shortest time (3.75 days). The germination rate was further enhanced when embryos were cultured on semi-solid MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), resulting in 95% germination and a reduced germination time of 5 days. These findings provide a foundation for advancing hybridization techniques in ornamental waterlilies and enhancing genetic diversity through embryo culture.
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