Formulation of Microneedle Patches Containing Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Extract
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate dissolving microneedles (DMNs) containing Caesalpinia sappan L. extract to enhance delivery efficiency for acne treatment. The extract was prepared via maceration and tested for biological activities. Subsequently, DMNs were formulated and evaluated for their physical properties. The results showed that the extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 11.05 µg/mL) and antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (MIC = 48.80 µg/mL, MBC = 390.62 µg/mL). The extract demonstrated safety toward HaCaT cells at concentrations ≤ 125 µg/mL. The formulation featured conical needles with an average height of 556.40 ± 28.36 µm and achieved complete dissolution within 4 minutes. In conclusion, the developed DMNs demonstrated potential for the effective transdermal delivery of Sappan wood extract, with acceptable safety and appropriate biological activities for development as an innovative anti-acne cosmetic product.
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