Potential of Sorghum for Pulp, Paper and Bioenergy Industries
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Abstract
This review article aims to evaluate the potential of sorghum (Sorghum spp.) as an alternative lignocellulosic feedstock for the pulp and paper and bioenergy industries. The study systematically reviews its chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulping technologies, and pulp and paper properties. Sorghum biomass contains 38–45% cellulose, 25–35% hemicellulose, and 15–20% lignin, along with relatively low silica content, which helps reduce scaling problems in pulping systems. Among the pulping methods evaluated, the soda–anthraquinone (soda–AQ) process shows superior performance compared to conventional soda and kraft processes. It provides a higher pulp yield of 45–58% and operates at lower active alkali demand, resulting in reduced chemical consumption, lower production cost, and improved environmental performance. The resulting pulp is suitable for printing and writing paper as well as packaging paper applications. However, key limitations include raw material variability, seasonal biomass availability, and logistical challenges related to harvesting, storage, and transportation. Future research should focus on optimizing the soda–AQ process, improving sorghum fiber quality through breeding, and developing efficient biomass supply chain systems to support industrial-scale and sustainable utilization.
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