Development of Spray-Dried Lime Juice Powder with Improved Bioactive Compound Retention
Keywords:
Lime powder, Spray drying, Physicochemical properties, Bioactive retention, Antioxidant activityAbstract
Lime juice powder was developed with 20% of combined maltodextrin/gum Arabic at a ratio of 4:1. A high shear homogenization was applied to encapsulate phytochemical compounds before spray drying with the purpose of protecting bioactive compounds from thermal degradation. The effect of high shear homogenization on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of spray-dried lime powder was studied. The particle size, morphology, moisture content, color, solubility, hygroscopicity, ascorbic acid, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of the spray-dried powder undergoing the homogenization were compared with those of the non-homogenized powder. The higher yield (30%) was obtained in the homogenized powder compared with the control (28%) with no significant difference. The average particle diameter of the homogenized powder was 0.1-4 micrometers, smaller than 18-26 micrometers of the untreated powder. Morphological study revealed that the powder without homogenization was densely packed compared with the homogenized powder. Moisture content of homogenized powder and that of the particles without homogenization were 3.91% and 5.42%, respectively. Higher solubility and less hygroscopicity values and color after spray drying were observed in reconstituted lime powder with high shear homogenization. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) assays were used to determine total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, respectively. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyle-hydrate (DPPH) assay was used to determine total antioxidant activity of the powders. The retention of ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity was significantly better in the homogenized powder, but not the flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activity derived from total phytochemical compounds in the treated powder was preserved by the homogenization before spray drying. This study indicated that the application of high shear homogenization with combined drying agent before spray drying could prevent phytochemical compounds in lime from thermal degradation.
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