Effect of Dyeing Parameters on Colour Characteristics and Fastness Properties of Silk Fabrics Dyed with Purple Corn Cob Extract
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Abstract
This study investigated the dyeing behaviour of silk fabrics using a colourant extracted from purple corn cobs (Zea mays L.) and evaluated the effects of key dyeing parameters on colour characteristics and fastness properties. The crude dye extract was obtained by aqueous extraction followed by concentration under reduced pressure. Silk fabrics were dyed under varying conditions of temperature (30–100 °C), dyeing time (20–60 min), pH (3–9), and dye concentration (5–30% owf) at a liquor ratio of 1:100. The colour parameters (CIE L*, a*, b*) and colour strength (K/S) were measured using a spectrophotometer, and colour fastness was assessed according to ISO standards for washing, water, perspiration, rubbing, and light. Results revealed that dyeing temperature and time significantly influenced dye uptake, with the highest colour strength observed at 90 °C for 60 min. The optimum dyeing pH ranged from 3 to 5, corresponding to the stability of anthocyanin pigments in their flavylium cation form. Increasing dye concentration enhanced colour depth up to 30% owf, beyond which saturation occurred. The dyed silk exhibited good to very good washing, water, and perspiration fastness, moderate rubbing fastness, and low to fair light fastness. These findings demonstrate that purple corn cob extract provides a sustainable and effective natural dye for silk fabrics, yielding vivid reddish-purple shades with satisfactory fastness performance.
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