Road Construction and Vehicular Activities as Indicators for Heavy Metal Pollution in Osogbo Metropolis, South West Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v10i1.426Keywords:
Heavy metal concentration, City pollution, Ecological risk factor, Burrow site, Vehicular densityAbstract
The levels of heavy metals in soil samples from selected major roads under construction, burrow sites (a place where soil was obtained for road filling) and two roads under use have been investigated. Soil samples were collected and digested using standard methods. The digests were analyzed for Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, non linear regression and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that cadmium had the highest Contamination Factor (CF). The Pollution Load Index of the roads under construction was higher than each of the Burrow site
and one of the Trunk C roads analyzed for comparison. The Ecological Risk Factor of the sampling sites was less than 40 which indicated that, the levels of heavy metals on the road construction sites did not pose ecological risks to the environment. The Ecological Risk Index of each of all the sampling sites was less than 150 indicating that they fell within the low ecological risk category. The study established that the Burrow site did not contribute to the heavy metal concentration of the road under construction and the contamination was traced to vehicular activities.
References
Addis, W., & Abebaw, A. (2017). Determination of heavy metal concentration in soils used for cultivation of Allium sativum L. (garlic) in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Cogent Chemistry, 3. doi:10.1080/23312009.2017.1419422
Ahmed, M. K., Shaheen N., Islam, M. S., Habibullah-al-Mamun, M., Islam, S., Mohiduzzaman, M., & Bhattacharjee, L. (2015). Dietary intake of trace elements from highly consumed cultured fish (Labeo rohita, Pagasius pangasius and Oreochromis mossambicus) and human health risk implications in Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 128, 284-292. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.016
Akbar, K. F., Hale, W. H. G., Headley, A. D., & Athar, M. (2006). Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils of northern England. Soil and
Water Research, 1, 158-163.
Cempel, M., & Nikel, G. (2006). Nickel: A review of its sources and environment toxicology. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(3),375-382
Department of Petroleum Resources – DPR (2002). Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Abuja, Nigeria:Department of Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources.
Deska, J., Bombik, A., Marciniuk-Kluska, A., & Rymuza, K. (2011). Trends in lead and cadmium content in soils adjacent to European highway E30. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,20(2), 317-325.
Fischer, P. W. F., Giroux, A., & L'Abbe, M. R. (1984). Effect of zinc supplementation on copper status in adult man. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 40, 743-746. doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.4.743.
Gall, J. E., & Rajakaruna, N. (2013). The physiology, functional genomics, and applied ecology of heavy metal-tolerant Brassicaceae. In M. Lang (Ed.), Brassicaceae: Characterization, functional genomics and health benefits (pp.121-148). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Gikas, P., & Romanos, P. (2006). Effects of tri-valent (Cr(III)) and hexa-valent (Cr(VI)) chromium on the growth of activated sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 133(1-3), 212-217. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.023
He, Z., Shentu, J., Yang, X., Baligar, V. C., Zhang, T., & Stoffella, P. J. (2015). Heavy metal contamination of soils: Sources, indicators, and
assessment. Journal of Environmental Indicators, 9, 17-18.
Hu, B., Jia, X., Hu, J., Xu, D., Xia, F., & Li, Y. (2017). Assessment of heavy metal pollution and health risks in the soil-plant-human system in the Yangtze River Delta, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9). doi:10.3390/ijerph14091042
Hui, Z., Caiqiu, W., Jiping, G., Xuyin, Y., Qiao, W., Wenming, P., ... Hanpei, Z. (2017). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in roadside soils along the Shenyang-Dalian Highway in LiaoningProvince, China. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 26(4), 1539-1549.
doi:10.15244/pjoes/68910
Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 167-182. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldg032
Kirpichtchikova, T. A., Manceau, A., Spadini, L., Panfili, F., Marcus, M. A., & Jacquet, T. (2006). Speciation and solubility of heavy metals in
contaminated soil using X-ray microfluorescence, EXAFS spectroscopy, chemical extraction, and thermodynamic modeling. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2163-2190. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.006
Kristensson, A., Johansson, C., Westerholm, R., Swietlicki, E., Gidhagen, L., Wideqvist, U., & Vesely, V. (2004). Real-world traffic emission
factors of gases and particles measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden. AtmosphericEnvironment, 38(5), 657-673.
Lacatusu, R. (1998). Appraising levels of soil contamination and pollution with heavy metals. In H. J. Heineke, W. Eckelmann, A. J. Thomasson, R. J. A. Jones, L. Montanarella, & B. Buckley (Eds.), Land information system: Developments for planning the sustainable use of land resources (pp. 393-402). European Soil Bureau–Research Report No. 4, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publication of the European Communities.
Liu, W. X., Shen, L. F., Liu, J. W., Wang, Y. W., & Li, S. R. (2007). Uptake of toxic heavy metals by rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in the agricultural soils near Zhengzhou City, People’s Republic of China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79, 209-213. doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9164-0
Mafuyai, G. M., Kamoh, N. M., Kangpe, N. S., Ayuba, S. M., & Eneji, I. S. (2015). Heavy metals contamination in roadside dust along major traffic roads in Jos Metropolitan Area, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 5(5) 48-58.
Mmolawa, K. B., Likuku, A. S., & Gaboutloeloe, G. K. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils along major roadside areas in Botswana. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(3), 186-196. doi:10.5897/AJEST10.246
Morais, S., Costa, F. G., & Pereira, M. de L. (2012). Heavy metals and human health. In J. Oosthuizen (Ed.), Environmental health–Emerging issues and practice (pp. 227-246). London: IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/29869
Ogbonna, P. C., Osim, O. O., & Biose, E. (2020). Determination of heavy metal contamination in soil and accumulation in cassava (Manihotesculenta) in automobile waste dumpsite at Ohiya mechanic village. Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 4(1), 54-69. doi:10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0173
Okereke, J. N., Nduka, J. N., Ukaoma, A. A., & Ogidi, I. O. (2019). Level of heavy metals in soil samples from farmlands along highways in parts of Owerri, Nigeria. World Journal of Innovative Research, 7(1), 1-7. doi:10.31871/WJIR.7.1.14
Oyelowo, O. J., Chima, D. U., & Oladoye, A. O. (2010). An assessment of the management of Osun Osogbo World Heritage Site. Journal of
Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, 8(1), 110-116. doi:10.4314/joafss.v8i1.64818
Samman, S., & Roberts, D. C. K. (1987). The effect of zinc supplements on plasma zinc and copper levels and the reported symptoms in healthy volunteers. The Medical Journal of Australia,146, 246-249.
Satarug, S., Garrett, S. H., Sens, M. A., & Sens, D. A. (2010). Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(2), 182-190. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901234
Shinggu, D. Y., Ogugbuaja, V. O., Barminas, J. T., & Toma, I. (2007). Analysis of street dust for heavy metal pollutants in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(11), 290-293.
Su, L., Zhang, X., Yuan, X., Zhao, Y., Zhang, D., & Qin, W. (2012). Evaluation of joint toxicity of nitroaromatic compounds and copper to
Photobacterium phosphoreum and QSAR analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 241-242, 450-455. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.065
Suzuki, K., Yabuki, T., & Ono, Y. (2008). Roadside Rhododendron pulchrum leaves as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in traffic areas of Okayama, Japan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 149, 133-141.
Taiwo, A. M., Michael, J. O., Gbadebo, A. M., & Oladoyinbo, F. O. (2019). Pollution and health risk assessment of road dust from Osogbo
metropolis, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 26(5), 1254-1269.
doi:10.1080/10807039.2018.1563478
Tijani, M. N., & Onodera, S. (2009). Hydrogeochemical assessment of metals contamination in an urban drainage system: A case study of Osogbo Township, SW-Nigeria. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 1(3), 164-173. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2009.13021
Ubwa, S. T., Abah, J., Ada, C. A., & Alechenu, E. (2013). Levels of some heavy metals contamination of street dust in the industrial and high traffic density areas of Jos Metropolis. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 3(7), 13-21.
Uwah, E. I., & John, K. O. (2014). Heavy metal levels in roadside soils of some major roads in Maiduguri, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(6), 74-78.doi:10.9790/5736-0667478
Yahaya, S. M., Abubakar, F., & Abdu, N. (2021). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal-contaminated soils of selected villages in Zamfara State, Nigeria. SN Applied Sciences, 3. doi:10.1007/s42452-021-04175-6
Yekeen, T. A., & Onifade, T. O. (2012). Evaluation of some heavy metals in soils along a major road in Ogbomoso, South West Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2(8), 71-79.
