Development of a Health Promotion Model for People at Risk for Diabetes at Primary Care Units under the Drive of the Pla Pak District Health System Nakhon Phanom Province

Abstract

This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the objective of developing a health promotion model for populations at risk of diabetes in primary care services under the district health system in Pla Pak District, Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand. The study adopted the Appreciation–Influence–Control (AIC) participatory planning framework as its operational model. The sample comprised 38 participants, including public health personnel, community leaders, village health volunteers, and at-risk individuals. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and structured observations. Qualitative data were analyzed using analytic induction, and descriptive statistics were used for demographic analysis.
The results showed that 63.16% of the participants were female and 36.84% were male. The participants’ ages ranged from 25 to 64 years, with a mean age of 45.66 years and a standard deviation of 11.34 years. Stakeholders emphasized the need to develop a health promotion model that is responsive to the local community context. They proposed key activities such as promoting physical exercise, utilizing health education media, providing basic health screening equipment, and encouraging community involvement in planning and monitoring. The developed model consisted of three core components: (1) Appreciation – to raise awareness and mobilize social capital; (2) Influence – to collaboratively plan and design activities with stakeholder participation; and (3) Control – to implement and jointly evaluate health promotion activities. This model led to improved health behaviors among the at-risk population and fostered sustainable community-level health promotion mechanisms. The implementation of this model effectively enhanced health behaviors in at-risk groups and contributed to the development of sustainable community health systems. It is recommended that mechanisms for community participation and collaboration with network partners at all levels be strengthened to achieve a more effective primary health care system.