Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Protective Behaviors toward PM PM2.5 Air Pollution among Akha Ethnic Workers in Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province

Abstract

The knowledge and attitude are key factors influencing the modification of preventive behaviors against fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study aimed to study the examine the levels of knowledge, attitude, and self-protective behaviors, as well as the factors  associated with preventive behaviors against PM2.5 exposure among Akha ethnic workers residing  in Mae Suai District Chiang Rai Province. A cross-sectional survey research was conducted in Mae Suai District between February 2024 and May 2024. The sample consisted of 360 Akha ethnic workers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, means)and inferential statistics to determine the relationships between factors using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. The study results revealed that 53.30% of participants had a moderate level of  knowledge about PM2.5. Regarding attitudes, 50.60% of participants exhibited a high level of positive attitude toward PM2.5 prevention. Meanwhile, 44.40% demonstrated a moderate level of preventive behavior. Knowledge about PM2.5 showed a statistically significant positive correlation with preventive behavior (r = 0.151, < = 0.004), and attitude toward PM2.5 prevention also showed a statistically significant positive correlation with preventive behavior (r = 0.400, p < 0.001). This time based on these findings, both knowledge and attitude toward PM2.5 were significantly associated with protective behaviors among Akha workers. Therefore, it is essential to promote appropriate and culturally sensitive educational interventions and attitude-enhancing strategies that align with the Akha community's way of life, in order to foster sustainable behavioral change and long-term regional development.