Environmental Condition Control and Hatching Performance Analysis of Native and Layer Chickens Using Eggs Incubator in Ban Bung Mai Community, Ubon Ratchathani Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57260/stc.2026.1793Keywords:
Automated incubator, IoT environmental control, HatchabilityAbstract
This study aimed to: 1) analyze and report the environmental conditions inside an IoT-based automatic egg incubator over a 14-day period, with particular emphasis on CO2 accumulation trends; 2) compare embryo survival rates between native indigenous chickens and layer chickens during the first 14 days of incubation; and 3) classify the stages and patterns of embryonic mortality throughout the incubation period. The developed incubator was controlled by a microcontroller and continuously recorded five environmental variables, including temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, egg-turning angle, and fan speed, at 5-minute intervals over 14 days, yielding a total of 4,032 records. A total of 22 eggs were incubated, comprising 10 indigenous chicken eggs and 12-layer chicken eggs. Embryonic development was assessed through candling on days 7 and 14. The results revealed that the mean incubation temperature was 37.15 ± 0.38 °C (CV = 1.01%), while the mean relative humidity was 60.45 ± 2.01 %RH. CO2 concentration exhibited a linear increase from 405.57 ppm to 695.87 ppm, at a rate of 22.71 ppm per day (R² = 0.996). The overall embryo survival rate throughout the incubation period was 68.18%, with layer chickens exhibiting a higher survival rate (75.00%) than indigenous chickens (60.00%). Classification of embryonic losses indicated that 13.64% of eggs were infertile, 9.09% experienced early embryonic mortality, and 9.09% resulted in late embryonic mortality. These findings demonstrate that the developed IoT-based automatic egg incubator can maintain stable environmental conditions.
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