Effect of the Herbicide 2,4-D-dimethylammonium on the Microbial Population of Maize Plots in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Keywords:
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Maize, Microorganisms, ResiduesAbstract
This research focuses on the impact of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) dimethylammonium on soil microorganism populations in maize plots where is used in Nakon Ratchasima Province. The plot was divided into two smaller sections, each measuring 400 square meters. One plot was treated with only 2,4-D herbicide at the recommended rate of 120 grams of active ingredient per rai, with no other pesticide application. The other plot was not treated with 2,4-D. Soil samples were collected from each plot at five intervals: before application, 2 and 4 hours post-application, and 1, 3, and 7 days afterward. Analyses included soil properties and microorganism populations. Results indicated that 2,4-D applications significantly impacted bacterial and fungal populations in the treated plots compared to the control plots. The bacterial growth in the plots treated with 2,4-D at 2 and 4 hours increased significantly compared to the control plot, with values of 6.59 and 6.73 Log10 CFU, respectively. The fungal population in the control plots was higher than in the plots treated with 2,4-D at 2 and 4 hours, with average values of 5.52 and 5.62 Log10 CFU, respectively. However, the actinomycetes cultured on agar media showed no significant statistical difference. The residual 2,4-D concentration in the soil after spraying at 2 and 4 hours was 0.61 and 0.30 milligrams per kilogram of soil, respectively. After spraying 2,4-D, no residual 2,4-D was detected in the soil at 1, 3, and 7 days. The correlation analysis between soil properties, microbial populations, and 2,4-D content, revealed that the amount of 2,4-D was correlated with the bacterial populations. As the concentration of 2,4-D increased, it influenced bacterial growth. Additionally, 2,4-D concentration was also correlated with the amount of organic matter, clay particles, and cation exchange capacity in the soil. Microorganisms that are resistant to the herbicide 2,4-D could be studied as a potential approach to utilizing soil microorganisms for the degradation of residual pesticides in soil.
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