Determination of Morpho-Anatomical Characteristics Related to Stem Lodging and Yield Loss Under Delayed Harvesting in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Keywords:
rice, lodging, hybrid, morphology, anatomy , agronomic, yield, delayed harvestAbstract
Delayed harvest drastically affects grain yield owing to plant lodging, which is difficult to perform on time with the mechanical harvester. In addition, hybrid rice is prone to lodging due to the hybrid plants' height. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship among morpho-anatomical traits, grain yield, and lodging through eighty-seven lines of F1 hybrids, both late harvested and on-time harvested. The range of lodging score (3.5–7.0) of F1 in late harvesting was higher than that of lodging score (1.0–4.0) in on-time harvesting. In addition, the average grain yield in late harvest decreased dramatically when compared with on-time harvest (68 g/plant in on-time and 6 g/plant in late harvest). In terms of environmental factors, it was found that the frequency of rainfall and wind speed during the harvesting period were the main causes of rice plant lodging. The path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield had a negative direct effect on lodging and plant height had a positive direct effect on lodging in both conditions. Moreover, basal stem diameter was the most negative directly affected by lodging, followed by the top tissue area, basal parenchyma tissue, and basal vascular bundle area. In addition, top stem diameter was the positive directly affected by lodging. It can be concluded that reducing plant height and increasing the culm diameter and culm wall thickness of the hybrid rice tend to improve the breeding program for reduced grain loss in hybrid rice, especially in an unsuitable environment. In addition, on-time harvesting must be a concern for rice production.
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