Estimation of Genetic Variance and Combining Ability of Drought Tolerance in Maize
Keywords:
Combining ability, North Carolina mating design II, Narrow-sense Heritability, Stress tolerant indexAbstract
Rainfall fluctuations have affected maize productivity, adversely impacting the feed industry in Thailand. Therefore, developing new F1 maize hybrids with high yields and high levels of drought tolerance could help alleviate yield losses for field maize growers. This study aimed 1) evaluate drought tolerance in hybrid maize 2) assess the combining ability and heritability of drought tolerance in hybrid maize to determine a pattern of gene action controlling drought tolerance trait. Twelve F1 crosses were developed via North Carolina mating design II and tested in a 2 x 12 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications, totaling 48 experimental units. The first treatment factor was 12 F1 crosses, whereas the second one was the watering regimes, categorized as well-watered and water-stressed for a specific period. The fresh weight of husked ears was recorded, and a stress tolerance index was calculated. ANOVA and mean comparison analyses showed that the fresh weights of Ki48 x Nei542010 and Nei452004 x Nei542010 were high under both water-stressed and well-watered regimes, along with a high value of stress tolerance index. Furthermore, this study found that drought tolerance in F1 maize was genetically controlled by additive gene effects. Hence, selecting parental inbred lines with homozygous alleles for drought tolerance could enhance the drought tolerance of F1 hybrid. High narrow-sense heritability was also observed in this study. Therefore, careful parental selection is the first important step in developing drought-tolerant single cross-hybrids, which could decrease maize yield losses caused by rainfall fluctuations.
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