Phytochemical Content Evaluation of Holy Basil Germplasm in Two Seasons and Short-Term Water Deficit
Abstract
Holy basil is a popular vegetable and it is produced all year round. There is a diversity holy of basil cultivars in Thailand and most of Thai holy basils are landraces. Holy basil cultivars were collected by the Tropical Vegetable Research Center and there has been no phytochemical evaluation. Fourteen holy basil germplasm accessions and five commercial cultivars were planted in field conditions and their phytochemical profiles were evaluated in two seasons. There were genotype by environment interactions of phytochemical traits. For holy basil in two seasons, green leaf holy basil OC-063 and red leaf OC-194 had not different in beta-carotene content and total chlorophyll. Green leaf holy basil OC-024, OC-057, OC-063, OC-195 and red leaf OC-194 were high phenolic compounds in both seasons. Moreover, phytochemicals were evaluated under short water deficit for 3, 6 and 9 days. The results showed that holy basil response to water deficit stress was independent of leaf color. Water deficit did not affect beta-carotene content in most holy basil accessions while some accessions had an increase beta-carotene and a decrease in chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b due to a water deficit. Phenolic compounds, in most holy basil accessions decreased when they were under water deficit for 3 days but phenolic compounds increased after 9 days of water deficit
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